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Trigger.new vs Trigger.old
On update, Trigger.old holds field values before save; Trigger.new holds what is being saved. Drag the sliders — the “changed?” panel reacts.
Compare

In before update you can still change Trigger.new. In after update, use DML carefully — you may re-enter automation.

One Opportunity row — Amount field

100

150

Field changed — validation / automation may care
Typical compare
Opportunity old = Trigger.oldMap.get(opp.Id);
if (opp.Amount != old.Amount) {
    // amount changed
}